Nama (Namaqua) people are the nomadic, aboriginal Khoe-Kwadi and Afrikaans-speaking people that forms a sub-set of the larger Khoikhoi ethnolinguistic grouping of South Africa, Namibia too Botswana. The Nama are the largest grouping of the Khoikhoi people, most of whom ask hold largely disappeared every bit a group, except for the Namas.
Nama people too Herero people were historically exterminated yesteryear the German`s inward their get-go Earth genocidal experiment which became famously known every bit Herero too Namaqua Genocide. A letter written by a High German missionary to his colleagues captures the violent thought among Germans in Hereroland supporting the annihilation of the Hereros too Namas:
"The Germans are consumed with inexpiable hatred and a terrible
thirst for revenge, one might even say they are thirsting for the
blood of the Herero[s]. All you hear these days is "make a clean
sweep, hang them, shoot them to the last man, give no quarter." I
shudder to think what may happen in the months ahead. The
Germans volition doubtless exact a grim vengeance."
Nama people of Namibia
At to the lowest degree 80% of the full Nama too Herero populations perished. This was motivated yesteryear the High German wishing to found a prosperous colony too this entailed the displacement of the indigenous people from their agricultural land. Large herds of cattle were confiscated too Nama too Herero people were driven into the desert too inward some cases interred inward concentration camps on the coast, for instance at Shark Island. Additionally, the Nama too Herero people were forced into slave labour to build railway lines too to hunt for diamonds during the diamond rush.
A traditional trip the lite fantastic of the Richtersveld, Northern Cape
The Nama people who were initially with the German`s changed their ask heed too fought amongst their Herero brethrens nether the swell Nama leaders Hendrik Witbooi.Under the ascendance of von Trotha, the High German Blue Planet forces sought to engineer a crushing defeat of the Herero inward the vicinity of the Waterberg (Pool, 1979: 210—11). In keeping with von Moltke's principles of separate deployment too encirclement, von Trotha sent his armies to annihilate the Herero at the Waterberg. Or, every bit he seat it inward his ain words:
My initial innovation for the Operation, which I ever adhered to, was to encircle the
masses of Hereros at Waterberg, too to annihilate these masses with a simultaneous
blow, too then to found diverse stations to hunt downwards too disarm the
splinter groups who escaped, afterwards to lay hands on the captains yesteryear putting prize
coin on their heads too formally to judgement them to death. (von Trotha's
diaries cited inward Pool, 1991: 251).
Nama woman parent too kid from Namibia
Many of the Nama clans alive inward Central Namibia too the other smaller groups alive inward Namaqualand, which today straddles the Namibian edge with South Africa. As descendants of the Khoekhoe the Nama resemble the San and the Topnaar in appearance too language. The Nama are a musically talented people too songs too verse are handed downwards through the generations. Nama women are highly skilled artisans, their embroidery too appliqué work, regarded every bit an fine art form, consists of brightly colored scenes inspired yesteryear the surround too the lifestyles of the Nama people.
This nomadic tribes traditionally moved with their cattle too portable huts. The huts are constructed of rush-mats too wooden structures. The entirely place, where this traditional lifestyle soundless exists, is the South African department of the /Ai-/Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Park.
Today, in that location are xiii Nama tribes, for the most utilisation soundless practicing communal province ownership. There are 246 000 inward Namibia, 776,000 inward South Africa too to a lesser grade 1600 inward Botswana.
In Namibia Nama people are at Sesfontein inward Kaokoland, inward the far southward at places similar Warmbad, or around Mariental, Tses, Gibeon, Maltahöhe, Helmeringhausen too eastward of Lüderitz inward the southwestern corner of county.
Dancing Nama people
Language
They traditionally speak the Nama linguistic communication of the Khoe-Kwadi linguistic communication family, the feature clicks are mutual to the languages of all Khoisan tribes. Many others besides Nama besides speak Afrikaans
Lovely too smile Nama girl
History
The Nama people indigenous who are descendants of the larger Khoikhoi ethnolinguistic grouping are aboriginal people of South Africa. They settled inward South Africa thousands of years amongst the San people long earlier the Bantu migrants came to South Africa.
Nama Chief Jan Jonker Afrikaner led his tribe farther northward into primal Namibia. As pastoral nomads the Nama oftentimes clashed with the Herero who were besides looking for improve grazing.The early on colonialists referred to them every bit Hottentots. Their choice historical name, "Namaqua", merely stems from the improver of the Khoekhoe linguistic communication suffix "-qua/khwa", pregnant "people" (found inward the names of other Southern African nations similar the Griqua)
The conflicts came to an terminate when the High German colonialists arrived too waged state of war on both peoples. Hendrik Witbooi was a prominent figure inward the Namas’ struggle against the colonialists too is straight off pictured on the N$ 10 note.
Herero too Nama Rising
The swell Herero Rising nether Samuel Maherero
In Jan 1904, the swell Herero Rising nether Samuel Maherero began inward Okahandja. Apparently, it had been planned for a long time. The rebellion rapidly spread through the whole Herero part too Damaraland. 123 white men died, rail tracks too telephone connections were interrupted, farms too populace buildings rose inward flames. Only when the High German protection troops engaged, the tide turned. In spite of an enforcement to every bit many every bit fifteen 000 soldiers, it became clear that the insurgents were good armed too good versed inward the fine art of war. General Lieutenant von Trotha, who had taken over ascendance of the High German troops from Mayor Leutwein, did non percentage his predecessors reckon that the Herero had been punished plenty too the principal chore inward the protectorate was to hold upwards the really of import go strength of this people. Von Trotha wanted to eradicate the Herero people. In the battle of Waterberg, inward August 1904, von Trotha shut inward on thousands of Herero, leaving them entirely i road of escape: the path to the waterless dry out savannah of Omaheke. He drove the Herero people into the desert. Three quarters of all Hereros died inward this state of war of extermination.
The Nama Rising nether Hendrik Witbooi
At the same time, the Nama rose against the Germans. They fought a bitter guerrilla war, Pb yesteryear Hendrik Witbooi too Jacob Morenga. Witbooi died inward Oct 1905 inward an set on on a High German render transport. Witbooi’s resistance was dead, but his followers kept fighting. novel leaders stepped inward at the caput of the movement. The final of them was Jacob Morenga. He was killed inward 1907 yesteryear Cape police line when he tried to organize operations against the Germans out of the cape region. Apparently, the British were concerned that Morenga powerfulness create turmoil inward the cape region, every bit well.
After 1907, the Nama too Herero tribes were every bit skillful every bit exterminated. Between twenty 000 too xxx 000 Herero had died upwards to that date. About 2 500 Germans had lost their lives inward the fights. All Black people were denied the correct to ain province or cattle, the tribal areas too occasional belongings were confiscated. Many members of the tribes died inward concentration camps, survivors were “resettled” inward reservations. Tribes inward to a greater extent than remote areas similar the Ovambo, Damara, Himba too the Rehoboter Baster were affected yesteryear this development.
Following the regain of diamonds at the oral fissure of the Orange River inward the 1920s, however, prospectors began moving into the region, establishing towns at Alexander Bay too Port Nolloth, a procedure that accelerated the appropriation of traditional lands that had begun early on inward the colonial period. Under apartheid, remaining pastoralists were encouraged to abandon their traditional lifestyle inward favour of hamlet life.
In 1991, a portion of Namaqualand (home of the Nama too i of the final truthful wilderness areas of South Africa) became the Richtersveld National Park. In Dec 2002, ancestral lands, including the park, were returned to community ownership too the governments of South Africa too Namibia embarked on the evolution of a transfrontier commons from the W coast of southern Africa to the desert interior, absorbing the Richtersveld National Park. Today, the Richtersveld National Park is i of the few places where the master copy Nama traditions survive. Here, the Nama soundless displace with the seasons too speak their language. The traditional Nama dwelling trouble solid – the |haru oms, or portable rush-mat covered domed hut – is a reflection of a nomadic means of life, offering a cool haven against the blistering oestrus of the sun, yet slow to pack too displace if grazing lands larn scarce.
At the dawn of the 19th century, Oorlam people encroached Namaqualand too Damaraland. They likewise descended from indigenous Khoikhoi but are a grouping who mixed with slaves from Madagascar, India, too Indonesia.[ After 2 centuries of assimilation into the Nama culture, many Oorlams today regard Khoikhoigowab (Damara/Nama) every bit their woman parent tongue. The distinction betwixt Namas too Oorlams has gradually disappeared over fourth dimension to an extent where they are today regarded every bit i ethnic group, despite their unlike backgrounds
Nama human from Namibia blowing horn
Nama tribes
Apart from Oorlam clans in that location are nine known sub-tribes, or clans, of Nama. Their names too tribal centres are:
Khaiǁkhaun (Red Nation) at Hoachanas, the principal grouping too the oldest Nama clan inward Namibia
ǃGamiǂnun (Bondelswarts) at Warmbad
ǂAonin (Southern Topnaars) at Rooibank
ǃGomen (Northern Topnaars) at Sesfontein
ǃKharakhoen (Fransman Nama) at Gochas. After existence defeated yesteryear Imperial Germany's Schutztruppe inward the Battle of Swartfontein on fifteen Jan 1905, this Nama grouping dissever into two. Part of the ǃKharakhoen fled to Lokgwabe, Botswana, too stayed in that location permanently.
ǁHawoben (Veldschoendragers) at Koës
ǁOgain (Groot Doden) at Schlip
ǁKhauǀgoan (Swartbooi Nama) at Rehoboth, afterwards at Salem, Ameib, too Franzfontein
The Kharoǃoan (Keetmanshoop Nama) nether the leadership of Hendrik Tsieb dissever from the Red Nation inward Feb 1850 too settled at Keetmanshoop
Sweet too beautiful Nama Girls at Northern Cape, South Africa. by Uncornered Market
Nama people too Herero people were historically exterminated yesteryear the German`s inward their get-go Earth genocidal experiment which became famously known every bit Herero too Namaqua Genocide. A letter written by a High German missionary to his colleagues captures the violent thought among Germans in Hereroland supporting the annihilation of the Hereros too Namas:
"The Germans are consumed with inexpiable hatred and a terrible
thirst for revenge, one might even say they are thirsting for the
blood of the Herero[s]. All you hear these days is "make a clean
sweep, hang them, shoot them to the last man, give no quarter." I
shudder to think what may happen in the months ahead. The
Germans volition doubtless exact a grim vengeance."
Nama people of Namibia
At to the lowest degree 80% of the full Nama too Herero populations perished. This was motivated yesteryear the High German wishing to found a prosperous colony too this entailed the displacement of the indigenous people from their agricultural land. Large herds of cattle were confiscated too Nama too Herero people were driven into the desert too inward some cases interred inward concentration camps on the coast, for instance at Shark Island. Additionally, the Nama too Herero people were forced into slave labour to build railway lines too to hunt for diamonds during the diamond rush.
A traditional trip the lite fantastic of the Richtersveld, Northern Cape
The Nama people who were initially with the German`s changed their ask heed too fought amongst their Herero brethrens nether the swell Nama leaders Hendrik Witbooi.Under the ascendance of von Trotha, the High German Blue Planet forces sought to engineer a crushing defeat of the Herero inward the vicinity of the Waterberg (Pool, 1979: 210—11). In keeping with von Moltke's principles of separate deployment too encirclement, von Trotha sent his armies to annihilate the Herero at the Waterberg. Or, every bit he seat it inward his ain words:
My initial innovation for the Operation, which I ever adhered to, was to encircle the
masses of Hereros at Waterberg, too to annihilate these masses with a simultaneous
blow, too then to found diverse stations to hunt downwards too disarm the
splinter groups who escaped, afterwards to lay hands on the captains yesteryear putting prize
coin on their heads too formally to judgement them to death. (von Trotha's
diaries cited inward Pool, 1991: 251).
Nama woman parent too kid from Namibia
Many of the Nama clans alive inward Central Namibia too the other smaller groups alive inward Namaqualand, which today straddles the Namibian edge with South Africa. As descendants of the Khoekhoe the Nama resemble the San and the Topnaar in appearance too language. The Nama are a musically talented people too songs too verse are handed downwards through the generations. Nama women are highly skilled artisans, their embroidery too appliqué work, regarded every bit an fine art form, consists of brightly colored scenes inspired yesteryear the surround too the lifestyles of the Nama people.
This nomadic tribes traditionally moved with their cattle too portable huts. The huts are constructed of rush-mats too wooden structures. The entirely place, where this traditional lifestyle soundless exists, is the South African department of the /Ai-/Ais Richtersveld Transfrontier Park.
Today, in that location are xiii Nama tribes, for the most utilisation soundless practicing communal province ownership. There are 246 000 inward Namibia, 776,000 inward South Africa too to a lesser grade 1600 inward Botswana.
In Namibia Nama people are at Sesfontein inward Kaokoland, inward the far southward at places similar Warmbad, or around Mariental, Tses, Gibeon, Maltahöhe, Helmeringhausen too eastward of Lüderitz inward the southwestern corner of county.
Dancing Nama people
Language
They traditionally speak the Nama linguistic communication of the Khoe-Kwadi linguistic communication family, the feature clicks are mutual to the languages of all Khoisan tribes. Many others besides Nama besides speak Afrikaans
Lovely too smile Nama girl
History
The Nama people indigenous who are descendants of the larger Khoikhoi ethnolinguistic grouping are aboriginal people of South Africa. They settled inward South Africa thousands of years amongst the San people long earlier the Bantu migrants came to South Africa.
Nama Chief Jan Jonker Afrikaner led his tribe farther northward into primal Namibia. As pastoral nomads the Nama oftentimes clashed with the Herero who were besides looking for improve grazing.The early on colonialists referred to them every bit Hottentots. Their choice historical name, "Namaqua", merely stems from the improver of the Khoekhoe linguistic communication suffix "-qua/khwa", pregnant "people" (found inward the names of other Southern African nations similar the Griqua)
The conflicts came to an terminate when the High German colonialists arrived too waged state of war on both peoples. Hendrik Witbooi was a prominent figure inward the Namas’ struggle against the colonialists too is straight off pictured on the N$ 10 note.
Herero too Nama Rising
The swell Herero Rising nether Samuel Maherero
In Jan 1904, the swell Herero Rising nether Samuel Maherero began inward Okahandja. Apparently, it had been planned for a long time. The rebellion rapidly spread through the whole Herero part too Damaraland. 123 white men died, rail tracks too telephone connections were interrupted, farms too populace buildings rose inward flames. Only when the High German protection troops engaged, the tide turned. In spite of an enforcement to every bit many every bit fifteen 000 soldiers, it became clear that the insurgents were good armed too good versed inward the fine art of war. General Lieutenant von Trotha, who had taken over ascendance of the High German troops from Mayor Leutwein, did non percentage his predecessors reckon that the Herero had been punished plenty too the principal chore inward the protectorate was to hold upwards the really of import go strength of this people. Von Trotha wanted to eradicate the Herero people. In the battle of Waterberg, inward August 1904, von Trotha shut inward on thousands of Herero, leaving them entirely i road of escape: the path to the waterless dry out savannah of Omaheke. He drove the Herero people into the desert. Three quarters of all Hereros died inward this state of war of extermination.
The Nama Rising nether Hendrik Witbooi
At the same time, the Nama rose against the Germans. They fought a bitter guerrilla war, Pb yesteryear Hendrik Witbooi too Jacob Morenga. Witbooi died inward Oct 1905 inward an set on on a High German render transport. Witbooi’s resistance was dead, but his followers kept fighting. novel leaders stepped inward at the caput of the movement. The final of them was Jacob Morenga. He was killed inward 1907 yesteryear Cape police line when he tried to organize operations against the Germans out of the cape region. Apparently, the British were concerned that Morenga powerfulness create turmoil inward the cape region, every bit well.
After 1907, the Nama too Herero tribes were every bit skillful every bit exterminated. Between twenty 000 too xxx 000 Herero had died upwards to that date. About 2 500 Germans had lost their lives inward the fights. All Black people were denied the correct to ain province or cattle, the tribal areas too occasional belongings were confiscated. Many members of the tribes died inward concentration camps, survivors were “resettled” inward reservations. Tribes inward to a greater extent than remote areas similar the Ovambo, Damara, Himba too the Rehoboter Baster were affected yesteryear this development.
Following the regain of diamonds at the oral fissure of the Orange River inward the 1920s, however, prospectors began moving into the region, establishing towns at Alexander Bay too Port Nolloth, a procedure that accelerated the appropriation of traditional lands that had begun early on inward the colonial period. Under apartheid, remaining pastoralists were encouraged to abandon their traditional lifestyle inward favour of hamlet life.
In 1991, a portion of Namaqualand (home of the Nama too i of the final truthful wilderness areas of South Africa) became the Richtersveld National Park. In Dec 2002, ancestral lands, including the park, were returned to community ownership too the governments of South Africa too Namibia embarked on the evolution of a transfrontier commons from the W coast of southern Africa to the desert interior, absorbing the Richtersveld National Park. Today, the Richtersveld National Park is i of the few places where the master copy Nama traditions survive. Here, the Nama soundless displace with the seasons too speak their language. The traditional Nama dwelling trouble solid – the |haru oms, or portable rush-mat covered domed hut – is a reflection of a nomadic means of life, offering a cool haven against the blistering oestrus of the sun, yet slow to pack too displace if grazing lands larn scarce.
At the dawn of the 19th century, Oorlam people encroached Namaqualand too Damaraland. They likewise descended from indigenous Khoikhoi but are a grouping who mixed with slaves from Madagascar, India, too Indonesia.[ After 2 centuries of assimilation into the Nama culture, many Oorlams today regard Khoikhoigowab (Damara/Nama) every bit their woman parent tongue. The distinction betwixt Namas too Oorlams has gradually disappeared over fourth dimension to an extent where they are today regarded every bit i ethnic group, despite their unlike backgrounds
Nama human from Namibia blowing horn
Nama tribes
Apart from Oorlam clans in that location are nine known sub-tribes, or clans, of Nama. Their names too tribal centres are:
Khaiǁkhaun (Red Nation) at Hoachanas, the principal grouping too the oldest Nama clan inward Namibia
ǃGamiǂnun (Bondelswarts) at Warmbad
ǂAonin (Southern Topnaars) at Rooibank
ǃGomen (Northern Topnaars) at Sesfontein
ǃKharakhoen (Fransman Nama) at Gochas. After existence defeated yesteryear Imperial Germany's Schutztruppe inward the Battle of Swartfontein on fifteen Jan 1905, this Nama grouping dissever into two. Part of the ǃKharakhoen fled to Lokgwabe, Botswana, too stayed in that location permanently.
ǁHawoben (Veldschoendragers) at Koës
ǁOgain (Groot Doden) at Schlip
ǁKhauǀgoan (Swartbooi Nama) at Rehoboth, afterwards at Salem, Ameib, too Franzfontein
The Kharoǃoan (Keetmanshoop Nama) nether the leadership of Hendrik Tsieb dissever from the Red Nation inward Feb 1850 too settled at Keetmanshoop
Nama tribe kids
Wedding ritual
Namas ask hold a complicated marriage ceremony ritual. First the human has to speak over his intentions with his family. If they deal they volition propose him of the customs to inquire the bride's household unit of measurement too and then accompany him to the position she lives. The yard at the bride's living position is prepared prior to the hereafter husband's family's arrival, beast hides are set out inward the corners for the unlike groups to sit down downwards too discuss.
The groom's household unit of measurement inquire for the gate to live opened. If this is granted, the groom is interrogated well-nigh details of the bride, including the circumstances of their get-go coming together too how to position her torso marks to brand certain both know each other well. If the bride is pregnant or already has children from her hereafter hubby or individual else, the bride is subjected to the "door cleansing" ceremony (slaughtering too consuming a snow-white goat). After several days the marriage ceremony ritual continues inward reverse; the bride's household unit of measurement visits the clan of the groom. If all is to the satisfaction of the 2 clans, an engagement hateful solar daytime is announced.
At the engagement, the groom's household unit of measurement brings alive animals to the woman's household unit of measurement home. The animals are slaughtered, hung on 3 sticks, too each utilisation is offered to the bride's family. Other items similar bags of saccharide or flour are entirely offered inward quantities of 2 or 4 to dot that in that location volition ever live abundance of food. This procedure is besides celebrated inward contrary at the man's household unit of measurement home. White flags are mounted on both family's houses which may non live taken off but wither or are blown off yesteryear the air current i day.
The marriage ceremony preparations tin ask hold upwards to i year. The household unit of measurement of the groom makes a gift to the bride's mother, traditionally a moo-cow too a calf, for she has raised the bride at her breast. H5N1 bargaining procedure accompanies the gift that tin ask hold weeks inward itself. On marriage ceremony day, both families provide animals too other nutrient too pick out it to the bride's home. The marriage ceremony itself takes position inward a church. Festivities afterward go on for several days. The get-go nighttime after the marriage ceremony the span spends separately. On the side yesteryear side morning, they set off for their ain home
Nama woman
For to a greater extent than on Nama people search Khoikhoi people on my page.
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