Bilen People: Eritrean Ethnic Grouping That Convey Their Women Wearing Olfactory Organ Rings Signifying Their Social Status
The Bilen (Blin or Bilin) are hardworking, agriculturalist Cushitic ethnic grouping on the Horn of Africa. They are primarily concentrated inwards primal Eritrea, inwards together with around the urban inwardness of Keren together with farther S toward Asmara, the nation's capital
They were formerly known as the Bogo or North Agaw. The pregnant of the give-and-take 'Bilin' also is non known. Some version of the tradition holds that it is Saho give-and-take (belen) for Christian. In fact, 'Belen' inwards Saho agency a Christian. (Kiflemariam Hamdé, 'Absmará yunivarsiti, p.3)
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea inwards an awesome smile
The Blin outset entered Eritrea from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia during the sixteenth century primarily agriculturalists, they
number nigh 96,000 together with stand upward for around 2.1% of Eritrea's population. About l pct of their
population are Christian, primarily Catholic, spell the other l pct are 20th century converts to
Sunni Islam.
Blin is also the holler of their language, an Agaw linguistic communication which belongs to the larger Afro-Asiatic linguistic communication group. Sixty pct of the Christians have got some understanding of Tigrinya. Seventy pct of the Muslims also occupation Tigre. Among the youth, Standard Arabic is also spoken.
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea
Keren is the minute largest urban inwardness inwards Eritrea, lying northwest of Asmara. It is the majuscule of the Anseba
province together with identify of the Bilen tribe. As of 2005, the population of this urban inwardness has been estimated to be
86,483.The urban inwardness is integrated with dissimilar types of tribes; Blin together with Tigre are the dominant. It has two
High schools, St. Joseph together with Keren Secondary School. Its climate is semi-desert hot during summary
together with mutual coldness during winter. It is i of the fast growing cities inwards the country.
Bilen traditional social club is organised into kinship groups. The women are known for their brightly
coloured clothes together with their gold, silverish or copper nose-rings which dot their social status.
Customs together with Traditions of the Bilen Ethinic Group
Whenever i thinks nigh Eritrea, the immediate thing that comes to one’s heed is the existing potent harmony together with coexistence with the nine ethnic groups of the country. Mutual abide by together with tolerance are deeply rooted inwards the Eritrean social club which inwards plough serves as pillar for the acquaint theatre unity together with nationalism – an asset rarely found inwards other countries. All these noble values of mutual abide by together with harmony symbolize the cherished slogan of unity inwards diversity. Despite the prevailing unity with all ethnic groups, each nationality is endowed with its ain rich civilisation together with tradition that distinguish the province as a multicultural nation.
Ethnic Bilen women from Eritrea
The spectacular designing of living, customs, dressing trend together with other ritual ceremonies of each ethnic grouping are also some of the decisive factors for tourism attraction.
In this outset article of a continuing serial nigh Eritrean cultures together with customs, nosotros volition effort to explore the rich civilisation of the Bilen ethnic group. Members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are commonly found inwards the Anseba region, peculiarly south-central portion of the country, inwards together with around Keren town together with S toward Asmara. Primarily agriculturalists, this ethnic grouping stand upward for nigh 2.1% of Eritrea's population. Bilen is also the holler of their language.
Marriage together with Family Engagement
Among this ethnic group, engagement is a family’s affair. The futurity spouses have got no tell whatsoever inwards their futurity married life. If for some argue 2 lovers teach married without prior permission from their respective parents, the man child is obliged to pay a sure as shooting total of coin plus an ox to the girl’s father.
The union candidate has to fulfill the next requirements:
Same religion, closed blood human relationship (in Moslem society), no blood human relationship whatsoever upward to 7 generations (in Christian society), beauty, riches together with health.
In engagement, the manly somebody bring upward of the man child has cypher to offering to the manly somebody bring upward of the girl. In fact it is the latter who is expected to give a moo-cow or an ox to the former. Among this ethnic group, the man child together with the daughter are promised for engagement yesteryear their respective families spell soundless inwards their mother’s wombs. On the 3rd hateful solar daytime of the engagement, the woman bring upward of the betrothed daughter prepares boiled legume together with distributes it with the villagers inwards the hope that her grandchildren powerfulness multiply similar the sands of the sea.
Honeymoon
Among the Bilen ethnic group, the honeymoon may hap for 2 to iii months on end. During these months, the bride enjoys visits from friends together with relatives. The procedure continues until the fourth dimension that the bride returns to her theatre unit of measurement or Melesot.
12 days afterward the marriage ceremony ceremony, the groom goes downward to a flow with his friends, to launder himself together with his clothes. The bride remains inwards her room together with has her pilus plaited together with her eyes shadowed with Kohli.
forty days afterward the marriage ceremony day, the groom ceremoniously puts downward the sword which he had carried since the union ceremony for fearfulness that the evil spirits may non whisk him away.
The “disarming” ceremony heralds the termination of the portion held yesteryear the best human being inwards the theatre of the couple. He goes off to his daily piece of work together with so does the groom. During the honeymoon period, the bride is non allowed to sit down at the same tabular array with her husband. She takes her meals with her sis in-law together with she eats frugally. The groom, who sits with his friends at the table, has no inhibition regarding the way he eats.
Since the bride is confined to her room all through the honeymoon period, she is obliged to salve herself inwards a special pot provided for the occasion. Furthermore, she is non permitted to telephone telephone out for someone inwards a loud vocalization together with is thence provided with a bell. Among this ethnic group, a lot of coin together with loose energy is spent on honeymooning. Fortunately, at that topographic point are ever all sorts of relatives to human foot the bill.
Post-honeymoon life
The Bilen ethnic grouping also follow other types of union that are out of the norm, namely Mer’a Hayam, Mer’a Chiluk, etc. When the honeymoon is over together with life returns to normal in i lawsuit more, the distich continues to rest with the groom’s family. However, the eagerness of the groom to attend to his ain affairs yesteryear himself together with the continuous disagreement betwixt the bride together with her woman bring upward in-law may shorten the couple’s rest with the theatre unit of measurement together with so they pack upward together with move to alive inwards a separate identify on their own. On the other hand, if the groom feels that he has no plenty agricultural tools to start a decent life all yesteryear himself together with if the bride together with the woman bring upward in-law teach along fine together, the distich may prolong their rest with the family.
As the shortly as the distich have got their ain house, the run they play inwards the social club shows some changes. Now they are total members of the social club together with taste all the rights together with privileges inwards the village. Nonetheless, the adult woman remains unequal to the man. In a patriarchal together with manly somebody dominated social club similar that of the Bilen, the hubby is the exclusively breadwinner together with tin make whatever he likes with the property. He tin purchase together with sell as he pleases together with everything inwards the theatre is nether his control. The adult woman on the other paw is confined to the kitchen together with bearing children. If she is given some piece of work similar poultry to tend or taking attention of some household goods, it is because such activities may seem degrading for a human being to fifty-fifty pay attending to.
Pregnancy together with after
As inwards all other Eritrean ethnic groups, the Bilen exhibit special traditional mental attitude towards pregnant women. If the adult woman is inwards total term, she is non allowed to perform heavy duty plant such as grinding corn, carrying heavy loads, etc. She uses a lot of ointment together with takes smoke baths frequently. She eats obese foods together with wears warm clothes. The pregnant adult woman refrains from going funerals together with from attending large gatherings. The thought is to protect her from the hustle together with jostle of a crowd.
When the fourth dimension for her to give nascency arrives, the pregnant adult woman goes to her parent’s theatre provided she is giving nascency for the outset time. If the labor pangs bring to a greater extent than fourth dimension than normal, prayers are said on her behalf. If yet the labor hurting continues, the whole hamlet supplicates God for mercy.
At present, consulting the MD inwards such instance is becoming common. When a kid is born, the umbilical cord is straightaway cutting with a sudden razor. Next, the midwife breathes inwards the infant’s ears together with nostrils together with so washes it with warm water.
If the newly born kid is male, the whole household rejoices with exceeding gladness, for a manly somebody is the unquestioned heir of the family. That’s why they ululate 7 times for a manly somebody together with exclusively iii times for a female.
The neighborhood who come upward to the feast afterward hearing the ululation are served java together with porridge together with visitors teach inwards carrying java beans, milk, flour, butter, etc. Eight days afterward giving birth, the adult woman is allowed to teach out of her theatre for a walk, but exclusively afterward the ceremony of stepping over burning firewood. The child’s caput is so shaved yesteryear the manly somebody bring upward who leaves a pocket-size tuft of pilus on the skull higher upward the forehead.
This is followed yesteryear some other ceremony which includes the washing of the women’s laundry yesteryear the neighborhood women. After the cease of the launder day, the women are invited for java together with porridge at the theatre of the adult woman who gave birth.
Divorce
There are several reasons for couples to teach divorced inwards the Bilin ethnic group. Some of them are listed below:
· If the hubby doesn’t deliver
· If the hubby beats his married adult woman continually
· If the married adult woman is loath to have guests
· If the married adult woman doesn’t develop meals for her husband, etc.
Since the Bilen are mostly Catholics, divorce is rattling hard to implement. It is thence customary with this ethnic grouping that inwards the result that it is the human being who is bespeak for divorce, he has exclusively to leave of absence the house. The married adult woman remains inwards the theatre with all the couple’s properties nether her care. On the other hand, if it is the married adult woman who is bespeak for divorce, she has exclusively to leave of absence the theatre without much ado. But if divorce is wanted yesteryear both parties, the properties are divided as betwixt them.
Inheritance
In Sharkin together with its surroundings the next items are dependent area to inheritance: house, title, debt, the fiancée or the married adult woman of a dead person. But items such as woods, grazing lands together with H2O holes belong to the community together with are non inheritable.
Although most of the fourth dimension inheritance is conducted without recourse to volition together with testament, at that topographic point are instances where volition together with testaments is demanded. The argue why wills together with testament is non needed is because the legal heirs are most of the fourth dimension known earlier hand. However, the most mutual together with acceptable way of transferring holding is through written will.
When a hubby dies, the outset somebody inwards the describe of inheritance is the wife. Next come upward the children, together with inwards the absence of issue, his brothers move the heirs. In the result that he has no brothers, the estate goes to his cousins. If the hubby has no issue, so the married adult woman is entitled to all his holding provided that she does non remarry. However, if she intends to remarry, she has to leave of absence all the holding to her children. If a somebody who losses his married adult woman wants to remarry, he has firs to paw over the part of the deceased married adult woman together with her jewelry to the children.
Although girls are often deprived of their rights of inheritance, single girls are entitled to an equal part along with their brothers. As inwards the residual of the Eritrean ethnic groups, the sharing of inheritance is made afterward the commemoration feast for the dead somebody is held. At times, the sharing of inheritance may teach prolonged inwards the result that the heirs are also immature to make goodness from it.
Food together with Diet
The most mutual cereal with this ethnic grouping is millet. This cereal is the world yesteryear women on millstones together with the flour into kitcha, ga’at (thick porridge eaten with ghee), taita together with hanza. Some cereals are eaten boiled. Most of the utensils used inwards the grooming of this nutrient items are homemade.
The Bilen occupation diary products as their staple food, specializing inwards curd. This is because most of the members of this ethnic grouping are farmers raising livestock. Shiro is also i of the normally prepared dishes. Meat is eaten especially during holidays such as negdet (anniversary of patron saints), Easter, New Year, etc. together with inwards some rare occasions when cattle are nigh to expire for i argue or some other they are slaughtered for meat. This is mutual do with most of the nine Eritrean ethnic groups.
The members of the Bilen ethnic grouping swallow a goodness amount of fruits together with vegetables together with occupation nug together with sesame oils for cooking their food. Besides, the Bilen are slap-up users of spices together with condiments such as garlic, onion, mustard, pepper, etc. They also swallow a large amount of wild fruits. The members of this ethnic grouping are also experts at preserving food, which are commonly used for long ravels. Some of these are roasted peanuts, tamarind, the world flaxseed, roasted wheat or barely, etc.
There is a specially prepared nutrient known as beshelat which tin live kept for a whole year. Its grooming is as follows: the dregs of surwa are made to boil together with is so mixed with flour. The mixture is so poured on a mat together with left to dry out inwards the sun. Once dried, it is pose inwards a container together with sealed. It so tin live eaten as porridge whatever fourth dimension i feels similar it. Roasted peanuts tin live kept for long together with make non demand elaborate preparation.
Once grace is said, the children bring their respective seats together with hold back for morsels of breadstuff (which have got been blessed yesteryear elder) to live handed out to them. Forbidden are drinking H2O spell eating, eating from someone else’s side together with taking a large morsel.
After every i is satiated, the eldest kid goes around with bowl together with a tin-can total of H2O helping the residual to launder their hands. The whole ceremony ends with a prayer.
The members of this ethnic grouping occupation diverse kinds of drinks such as debob, massa together with berzi. Among these, debob is the most commonly used which is used inwards marriage ceremony feats, holidays, commemoration for the dead, celebration of patron saints, etc. It is said to live that debob tin hold unspoiled upward to 4 months. In add-on to the above-mentioned beverages, other modern ones such as areki, local vino together with sweetness syrup are used.
The Bilen existence mostly followers of Islam together with Catholicism, the diet they follow during lent or religious festival vary accordingly.
Clothing together with Adornments
Footwear has been used irrespective of historic menstruation or sexual practice from early on times with the members of this ethnic group. Before the coming of the Italians, a leather sandal known as medas was rattling common. This was crafted yesteryear the local people themselves.
At present, members of this ethnic grouping article of apparel shoes of all types irrespective of historic menstruation together with sex, but most are fabricated yesteryear professionals. The occupation of security soles is also becoming popular, together with modern shoes are making their entry inwards pocket-size towns.
In Sharkin together with its environs, at that topographic point are diverse types of decoration made yesteryear professionals for manly somebody together with woman somebody customers. An single daughter puts an earring made of silverish (and of aureate if she is from rich family) called telal, together with bracelets. If she is married, she puts 4 inwards each ear, together with she puts a aureate decoration (known as Sardat) on her forehead. Women who cannot afford silverish or aureate occupation beads instead.
Men sometimes occupation silverish leg bands together with silverish earring, especially during the initiation ceremony. During mourning, a married adult woman is expected to teach rid of all her decoration together with stays similar that for a menstruation of 2 years. If a married adult woman during mourning gives nascency to a child, she puts an mistaken decoration made of palm leaves.
Children belonging to the Bilen ethnic grouping shave their heads together with leave of absence a pocket-size tuff of their pilus on the crown of the caput until they start to walk. For manly somebody children, this tuff of pilus remains with them till the historic menstruation of 10. Afterwards they have got their heads shaved together with during the initiation ceremony they article of apparel their pilus inwards Afro-style. When women grew old, they are expected to shave of their heads or have got their pilus plaited without ornament.
During mourning, some adult males are seen with their heads shaved off. As for widows, they are expected to shave their heads completely. Hairdressing is done yesteryear relatives together with friends with the Bilen, together with no professionals are laid aside for such jobs.
Cosmetics
Bilen women pose ointment inwards their eyes earlier applying kohl. For fashioning long together with loose strands of pilus with wet-look, Bilen women apply butter mixed with pulverization made of roasted durrah or apparently public to the strands. In addition, they apply henna to their hands together with legs. Among this ethnic group, males make sometimes apply butter to their hair.
Tish or smoke bath
Smoke bathroom is rattling mutual with the woman somebody members of this ethnic group, especially with married women. They make it for hygienic together with aesthetic reasons. Smoke bathroom is non ever without its inconveniences together with requires patience together with slap-up endurance to physical hurting (as the heated smoke that is produced from the non completely dried twigs together with leaves does sometimes give notice the sensitive pare of the orifices together with crusade pain). Nevertheless, whether they similar it or not, married women are expected yesteryear tradition to undergo the handling until the ‘old’ pare is peeled off together with a novel yellowish together with ‘beautiful’ i is grown instead.
Construction of houses
The people of Sharkin together with its surrounding alive inwards fixed villages. These members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are expected to leave of absence infinite for streets when they build their houses. The width of the street should live large plenty to allow yoked oxen together with 4 pallbearers together with the lastly determination for structure is given yesteryear the hamlet elders. Old houses without owners are transferred to other people through a determination reached yesteryear hamlet elders.
Only those who are ready to teach married together with constitute families are given solid ground to build houses. Women together with strangers make non have got rights to land.
Among this ethic group, the commonest type of identify theatre is the augudo. However, some rich people are seen to build merebas. And at times it is mutual to run across immature spouses together with less often long married couples living inwards agnets as temporary shelters.
As for agdos built yesteryear the members of this ethnic group, at that topographic point is a potent similarity betwixt the ones built inwards the highlands together with those built yesteryear the Bilen. The exclusively departure is inwards the household goods, article of furniture together with facilities used. For example, the within walls of the Bilen augudo is draped with a mat known as higag. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 drape known as litamet together with a long veil to shroud the bed known as aleget are also used.
Among the members of this ethnic group, the houses are constructed through hamlet cooperation. The somebody whose theatre is existence built yesteryear the hamlet volunteer project forcefulness is expected to furnish the workers with food, imbibe together with tobacco. However, non all the houses are built inwards this manner, because afterward all the rich have got the agency to build their houses through professional person masons.
At present, the tendency is to build merebas, together with hither together with there, cement, lime, chiseled stones are making their gradual introduction. The walls are nowadays built a fleck higher than the past. The old traditional houses had exclusively doors together with no windows. But at nowadays non exclusively windows are inwards occupation but doors are existence made of woods crafted yesteryear professional person carpenters.
Beautiful Bilen daughter from Eritrea
They were formerly known as the Bogo or North Agaw. The pregnant of the give-and-take 'Bilin' also is non known. Some version of the tradition holds that it is Saho give-and-take (belen) for Christian. In fact, 'Belen' inwards Saho agency a Christian. (Kiflemariam Hamdé, 'Absmará yunivarsiti, p.3)
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea inwards an awesome smile
The Blin outset entered Eritrea from Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia during the sixteenth century primarily agriculturalists, they
number nigh 96,000 together with stand upward for around 2.1% of Eritrea's population. About l pct of their
population are Christian, primarily Catholic, spell the other l pct are 20th century converts to
Sunni Islam.
Bilen Tribe Girl Having Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Haircut, Keren, Eritrea. Eric Lafforgue
Blin is also the holler of their language, an Agaw linguistic communication which belongs to the larger Afro-Asiatic linguistic communication group. Sixty pct of the Christians have got some understanding of Tigrinya. Seventy pct of the Muslims also occupation Tigre. Among the youth, Standard Arabic is also spoken.
Bilen adult woman from Eritrea
Keren is the minute largest urban inwardness inwards Eritrea, lying northwest of Asmara. It is the majuscule of the Anseba
province together with identify of the Bilen tribe. As of 2005, the population of this urban inwardness has been estimated to be
86,483.The urban inwardness is integrated with dissimilar types of tribes; Blin together with Tigre are the dominant. It has two
High schools, St. Joseph together with Keren Secondary School. Its climate is semi-desert hot during summary
together with mutual coldness during winter. It is i of the fast growing cities inwards the country.
Bilen woman
Bilen traditional social club is organised into kinship groups. The women are known for their brightly
coloured clothes together with their gold, silverish or copper nose-rings which dot their social status.
Bilen old lady from Eritrea
Customs together with Traditions of the Bilen Ethinic Group
Whenever i thinks nigh Eritrea, the immediate thing that comes to one’s heed is the existing potent harmony together with coexistence with the nine ethnic groups of the country. Mutual abide by together with tolerance are deeply rooted inwards the Eritrean social club which inwards plough serves as pillar for the acquaint theatre unity together with nationalism – an asset rarely found inwards other countries. All these noble values of mutual abide by together with harmony symbolize the cherished slogan of unity inwards diversity. Despite the prevailing unity with all ethnic groups, each nationality is endowed with its ain rich civilisation together with tradition that distinguish the province as a multicultural nation.
Ethnic Bilen women from Eritrea
The spectacular designing of living, customs, dressing trend together with other ritual ceremonies of each ethnic grouping are also some of the decisive factors for tourism attraction.
In this outset article of a continuing serial nigh Eritrean cultures together with customs, nosotros volition effort to explore the rich civilisation of the Bilen ethnic group. Members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are commonly found inwards the Anseba region, peculiarly south-central portion of the country, inwards together with around Keren town together with S toward Asmara. Primarily agriculturalists, this ethnic grouping stand upward for nigh 2.1% of Eritrea's population. Bilen is also the holler of their language.
Marriage together with Family Engagement
Among this ethnic group, engagement is a family’s affair. The futurity spouses have got no tell whatsoever inwards their futurity married life. If for some argue 2 lovers teach married without prior permission from their respective parents, the man child is obliged to pay a sure as shooting total of coin plus an ox to the girl’s father.
The union candidate has to fulfill the next requirements:
Same religion, closed blood human relationship (in Moslem society), no blood human relationship whatsoever upward to 7 generations (in Christian society), beauty, riches together with health.
In engagement, the manly somebody bring upward of the man child has cypher to offering to the manly somebody bring upward of the girl. In fact it is the latter who is expected to give a moo-cow or an ox to the former. Among this ethnic group, the man child together with the daughter are promised for engagement yesteryear their respective families spell soundless inwards their mother’s wombs. On the 3rd hateful solar daytime of the engagement, the woman bring upward of the betrothed daughter prepares boiled legume together with distributes it with the villagers inwards the hope that her grandchildren powerfulness multiply similar the sands of the sea.
Bilen lady
Honeymoon
Among the Bilen ethnic group, the honeymoon may hap for 2 to iii months on end. During these months, the bride enjoys visits from friends together with relatives. The procedure continues until the fourth dimension that the bride returns to her theatre unit of measurement or Melesot.
12 days afterward the marriage ceremony ceremony, the groom goes downward to a flow with his friends, to launder himself together with his clothes. The bride remains inwards her room together with has her pilus plaited together with her eyes shadowed with Kohli.
forty days afterward the marriage ceremony day, the groom ceremoniously puts downward the sword which he had carried since the union ceremony for fearfulness that the evil spirits may non whisk him away.
The “disarming” ceremony heralds the termination of the portion held yesteryear the best human being inwards the theatre of the couple. He goes off to his daily piece of work together with so does the groom. During the honeymoon period, the bride is non allowed to sit down at the same tabular array with her husband. She takes her meals with her sis in-law together with she eats frugally. The groom, who sits with his friends at the table, has no inhibition regarding the way he eats.
Since the bride is confined to her room all through the honeymoon period, she is obliged to salve herself inwards a special pot provided for the occasion. Furthermore, she is non permitted to telephone telephone out for someone inwards a loud vocalization together with is thence provided with a bell. Among this ethnic group, a lot of coin together with loose energy is spent on honeymooning. Fortunately, at that topographic point are ever all sorts of relatives to human foot the bill.
portrait of bilen woman
Post-honeymoon life
The Bilen ethnic grouping also follow other types of union that are out of the norm, namely Mer’a Hayam, Mer’a Chiluk, etc. When the honeymoon is over together with life returns to normal in i lawsuit more, the distich continues to rest with the groom’s family. However, the eagerness of the groom to attend to his ain affairs yesteryear himself together with the continuous disagreement betwixt the bride together with her woman bring upward in-law may shorten the couple’s rest with the theatre unit of measurement together with so they pack upward together with move to alive inwards a separate identify on their own. On the other hand, if the groom feels that he has no plenty agricultural tools to start a decent life all yesteryear himself together with if the bride together with the woman bring upward in-law teach along fine together, the distich may prolong their rest with the family.
As the shortly as the distich have got their ain house, the run they play inwards the social club shows some changes. Now they are total members of the social club together with taste all the rights together with privileges inwards the village. Nonetheless, the adult woman remains unequal to the man. In a patriarchal together with manly somebody dominated social club similar that of the Bilen, the hubby is the exclusively breadwinner together with tin make whatever he likes with the property. He tin purchase together with sell as he pleases together with everything inwards the theatre is nether his control. The adult woman on the other paw is confined to the kitchen together with bearing children. If she is given some piece of work similar poultry to tend or taking attention of some household goods, it is because such activities may seem degrading for a human being to fifty-fifty pay attending to.
Pregnancy together with after
As inwards all other Eritrean ethnic groups, the Bilen exhibit special traditional mental attitude towards pregnant women. If the adult woman is inwards total term, she is non allowed to perform heavy duty plant such as grinding corn, carrying heavy loads, etc. She uses a lot of ointment together with takes smoke baths frequently. She eats obese foods together with wears warm clothes. The pregnant adult woman refrains from going funerals together with from attending large gatherings. The thought is to protect her from the hustle together with jostle of a crowd.
When the fourth dimension for her to give nascency arrives, the pregnant adult woman goes to her parent’s theatre provided she is giving nascency for the outset time. If the labor pangs bring to a greater extent than fourth dimension than normal, prayers are said on her behalf. If yet the labor hurting continues, the whole hamlet supplicates God for mercy.
At present, consulting the MD inwards such instance is becoming common. When a kid is born, the umbilical cord is straightaway cutting with a sudden razor. Next, the midwife breathes inwards the infant’s ears together with nostrils together with so washes it with warm water.
If the newly born kid is male, the whole household rejoices with exceeding gladness, for a manly somebody is the unquestioned heir of the family. That’s why they ululate 7 times for a manly somebody together with exclusively iii times for a female.
The neighborhood who come upward to the feast afterward hearing the ululation are served java together with porridge together with visitors teach inwards carrying java beans, milk, flour, butter, etc. Eight days afterward giving birth, the adult woman is allowed to teach out of her theatre for a walk, but exclusively afterward the ceremony of stepping over burning firewood. The child’s caput is so shaved yesteryear the manly somebody bring upward who leaves a pocket-size tuft of pilus on the skull higher upward the forehead.
This is followed yesteryear some other ceremony which includes the washing of the women’s laundry yesteryear the neighborhood women. After the cease of the launder day, the women are invited for java together with porridge at the theatre of the adult woman who gave birth.
Divorce
There are several reasons for couples to teach divorced inwards the Bilin ethnic group. Some of them are listed below:
· If the hubby doesn’t deliver
· If the hubby beats his married adult woman continually
· If the married adult woman is loath to have guests
· If the married adult woman doesn’t develop meals for her husband, etc.
Since the Bilen are mostly Catholics, divorce is rattling hard to implement. It is thence customary with this ethnic grouping that inwards the result that it is the human being who is bespeak for divorce, he has exclusively to leave of absence the house. The married adult woman remains inwards the theatre with all the couple’s properties nether her care. On the other hand, if it is the married adult woman who is bespeak for divorce, she has exclusively to leave of absence the theatre without much ado. But if divorce is wanted yesteryear both parties, the properties are divided as betwixt them.
Inheritance
In Sharkin together with its surroundings the next items are dependent area to inheritance: house, title, debt, the fiancée or the married adult woman of a dead person. But items such as woods, grazing lands together with H2O holes belong to the community together with are non inheritable.
Although most of the fourth dimension inheritance is conducted without recourse to volition together with testament, at that topographic point are instances where volition together with testaments is demanded. The argue why wills together with testament is non needed is because the legal heirs are most of the fourth dimension known earlier hand. However, the most mutual together with acceptable way of transferring holding is through written will.
When a hubby dies, the outset somebody inwards the describe of inheritance is the wife. Next come upward the children, together with inwards the absence of issue, his brothers move the heirs. In the result that he has no brothers, the estate goes to his cousins. If the hubby has no issue, so the married adult woman is entitled to all his holding provided that she does non remarry. However, if she intends to remarry, she has to leave of absence all the holding to her children. If a somebody who losses his married adult woman wants to remarry, he has firs to paw over the part of the deceased married adult woman together with her jewelry to the children.
Although girls are often deprived of their rights of inheritance, single girls are entitled to an equal part along with their brothers. As inwards the residual of the Eritrean ethnic groups, the sharing of inheritance is made afterward the commemoration feast for the dead somebody is held. At times, the sharing of inheritance may teach prolonged inwards the result that the heirs are also immature to make goodness from it.
Food together with Diet
The most mutual cereal with this ethnic grouping is millet. This cereal is the world yesteryear women on millstones together with the flour into kitcha, ga’at (thick porridge eaten with ghee), taita together with hanza. Some cereals are eaten boiled. Most of the utensils used inwards the grooming of this nutrient items are homemade.
The Bilen occupation diary products as their staple food, specializing inwards curd. This is because most of the members of this ethnic grouping are farmers raising livestock. Shiro is also i of the normally prepared dishes. Meat is eaten especially during holidays such as negdet (anniversary of patron saints), Easter, New Year, etc. together with inwards some rare occasions when cattle are nigh to expire for i argue or some other they are slaughtered for meat. This is mutual do with most of the nine Eritrean ethnic groups.
The members of the Bilen ethnic grouping swallow a goodness amount of fruits together with vegetables together with occupation nug together with sesame oils for cooking their food. Besides, the Bilen are slap-up users of spices together with condiments such as garlic, onion, mustard, pepper, etc. They also swallow a large amount of wild fruits. The members of this ethnic grouping are also experts at preserving food, which are commonly used for long ravels. Some of these are roasted peanuts, tamarind, the world flaxseed, roasted wheat or barely, etc.
There is a specially prepared nutrient known as beshelat which tin live kept for a whole year. Its grooming is as follows: the dregs of surwa are made to boil together with is so mixed with flour. The mixture is so poured on a mat together with left to dry out inwards the sun. Once dried, it is pose inwards a container together with sealed. It so tin live eaten as porridge whatever fourth dimension i feels similar it. Roasted peanuts tin live kept for long together with make non demand elaborate preparation.
Once grace is said, the children bring their respective seats together with hold back for morsels of breadstuff (which have got been blessed yesteryear elder) to live handed out to them. Forbidden are drinking H2O spell eating, eating from someone else’s side together with taking a large morsel.
After every i is satiated, the eldest kid goes around with bowl together with a tin-can total of H2O helping the residual to launder their hands. The whole ceremony ends with a prayer.
The members of this ethnic grouping occupation diverse kinds of drinks such as debob, massa together with berzi. Among these, debob is the most commonly used which is used inwards marriage ceremony feats, holidays, commemoration for the dead, celebration of patron saints, etc. It is said to live that debob tin hold unspoiled upward to 4 months. In add-on to the above-mentioned beverages, other modern ones such as areki, local vino together with sweetness syrup are used.
The Bilen existence mostly followers of Islam together with Catholicism, the diet they follow during lent or religious festival vary accordingly.
Clothing together with Adornments
Footwear has been used irrespective of historic menstruation or sexual practice from early on times with the members of this ethnic group. Before the coming of the Italians, a leather sandal known as medas was rattling common. This was crafted yesteryear the local people themselves.
At present, members of this ethnic grouping article of apparel shoes of all types irrespective of historic menstruation together with sex, but most are fabricated yesteryear professionals. The occupation of security soles is also becoming popular, together with modern shoes are making their entry inwards pocket-size towns.
In Sharkin together with its environs, at that topographic point are diverse types of decoration made yesteryear professionals for manly somebody together with woman somebody customers. An single daughter puts an earring made of silverish (and of aureate if she is from rich family) called telal, together with bracelets. If she is married, she puts 4 inwards each ear, together with she puts a aureate decoration (known as Sardat) on her forehead. Women who cannot afford silverish or aureate occupation beads instead.
Men sometimes occupation silverish leg bands together with silverish earring, especially during the initiation ceremony. During mourning, a married adult woman is expected to teach rid of all her decoration together with stays similar that for a menstruation of 2 years. If a married adult woman during mourning gives nascency to a child, she puts an mistaken decoration made of palm leaves.
Children belonging to the Bilen ethnic grouping shave their heads together with leave of absence a pocket-size tuff of their pilus on the crown of the caput until they start to walk. For manly somebody children, this tuff of pilus remains with them till the historic menstruation of 10. Afterwards they have got their heads shaved together with during the initiation ceremony they article of apparel their pilus inwards Afro-style. When women grew old, they are expected to shave of their heads or have got their pilus plaited without ornament.
During mourning, some adult males are seen with their heads shaved off. As for widows, they are expected to shave their heads completely. Hairdressing is done yesteryear relatives together with friends with the Bilen, together with no professionals are laid aside for such jobs.
Cosmetics
Bilen women pose ointment inwards their eyes earlier applying kohl. For fashioning long together with loose strands of pilus with wet-look, Bilen women apply butter mixed with pulverization made of roasted durrah or apparently public to the strands. In addition, they apply henna to their hands together with legs. Among this ethnic group, males make sometimes apply butter to their hair.
Tish or smoke bath
Smoke bathroom is rattling mutual with the woman somebody members of this ethnic group, especially with married women. They make it for hygienic together with aesthetic reasons. Smoke bathroom is non ever without its inconveniences together with requires patience together with slap-up endurance to physical hurting (as the heated smoke that is produced from the non completely dried twigs together with leaves does sometimes give notice the sensitive pare of the orifices together with crusade pain). Nevertheless, whether they similar it or not, married women are expected yesteryear tradition to undergo the handling until the ‘old’ pare is peeled off together with a novel yellowish together with ‘beautiful’ i is grown instead.
Construction of houses
The people of Sharkin together with its surrounding alive inwards fixed villages. These members of the Bilen ethnic grouping are expected to leave of absence infinite for streets when they build their houses. The width of the street should live large plenty to allow yoked oxen together with 4 pallbearers together with the lastly determination for structure is given yesteryear the hamlet elders. Old houses without owners are transferred to other people through a determination reached yesteryear hamlet elders.
Only those who are ready to teach married together with constitute families are given solid ground to build houses. Women together with strangers make non have got rights to land.
Among this ethic group, the commonest type of identify theatre is the augudo. However, some rich people are seen to build merebas. And at times it is mutual to run across immature spouses together with less often long married couples living inwards agnets as temporary shelters.
As for agdos built yesteryear the members of this ethnic group, at that topographic point is a potent similarity betwixt the ones built inwards the highlands together with those built yesteryear the Bilen. The exclusively departure is inwards the household goods, article of furniture together with facilities used. For example, the within walls of the Bilen augudo is draped with a mat known as higag. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 drape known as litamet together with a long veil to shroud the bed known as aleget are also used.
Among the members of this ethnic group, the houses are constructed through hamlet cooperation. The somebody whose theatre is existence built yesteryear the hamlet volunteer project forcefulness is expected to furnish the workers with food, imbibe together with tobacco. However, non all the houses are built inwards this manner, because afterward all the rich have got the agency to build their houses through professional person masons.
At present, the tendency is to build merebas, together with hither together with there, cement, lime, chiseled stones are making their gradual introduction. The walls are nowadays built a fleck higher than the past. The old traditional houses had exclusively doors together with no windows. But at nowadays non exclusively windows are inwards occupation but doors are existence made of woods crafted yesteryear professional person carpenters.
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